Most law schools outside the upper level are more regionally oriented and often have very strong regional links to these postgraduate opportunities. For example, a graduate student from a lower law school may find opportunities in that school`s “home market”: the law market, which contains many alumni of that school, where most of the school`s networking and career development energies are concentrated. In contrast, in terms of employment opportunities, an advanced law school may be limited to the vast geographic area fed by the law school. Initially in the United States, avocados were trained and imported from England. [18] A formal apprenticeship or internship program was first established in New York City in 1730, when a seven-year internship was required, and in 1756, a four-year university degree was required in addition to five years of writing and an examination. [19] Later, the requirements were reduced to only two years of graduate school. [20] However, a system like the Inns did not develop, and college education was not required in England until the 19th century, so the American system was unique. In 2008, the University of Melbourne introduced the Melbourne model, where law is only available as a university degree, with students having to have completed a three-year bachelor`s degree (usually a degree in arts) before being eligible. [8] Students enrolled in combined programs of study would spend the first 3 years completing their first bachelor`s degree as well as some preliminary law subjects, and then spend the last 2 to 3 years earning their law degree (JD). Alternatively, one can complete any bachelor`s degree, and if their academic results are high, apply to enter a 3-year LLB program. Australian law schools include the University of New England, Australian Catholic University, Australian National University, La Trobe University, Flinders University, Bond University, Macquarie, Monash, Deakin, UNSW, University of Tasmania, Adelaide, Victoria University, Sydney, Melbourne, Queensland University of Technology, University of Queensland, University of Western Australia and University of Canberra. In the United States, legal education generally refers to a university degree, the degree of which entitles a graduate to pass a bar admission examination.
About 60 percent of those who graduate from law school typically practice law, while the rest work primarily in business (particularly finance, insurance, real estate, and consulting) or government or political roles, where their degrees also offer benefits. [1] (Other types of legal education, such as paralegals, limited practice officers (in Washington) and citizenship in general, as well as post-bar training (legal education), are not covered in this article.) Attorneys training in the United States is usually done through a law school program, although in some states (such as California and Virginia), applicants who have not attended law school may qualify for the bar exam. [37] In South Africa,[28][29] the LL.B. is the universal legal qualification for admission and registration as a lawyer. Since 1998, LL.B. programs can be enrolled directly at the bachelor`s level; at the same time, the LLB. will continue to be offered post-gradually and can then be accelerated based on the bachelor`s degree. The programme lasts between two and four years[30] (cf.
Australia, cited above). See Bachelor of Laws § South Africa. Canon law and ecclesiastical law were studied in the universities of medieval Europe. However, institutions that provide education in each country`s national legislation emerged later in the eighteenth century. In England and Wales, law can be studied in the form of a bachelor`s degree or a postgraduate diploma in law, where students take the common professional examination. After obtaining the required degree to attend certain professional courses and complete a period of on-the-job training before qualifying as a lawyer, legal executive or lawyer. The Bar Professional Training Course is considered one of the most challenging degrees and is currently the most expensive degree related to law. In England, in 1292, when Edward I first called for the training of lawyers, law students sat only in the courts and observed. Over time, students hired professionals to teach them in their dormitories. This practice led to the introduction of the Inn of Court system. [5] The original method of education in the Inns of Court was a mixture of theoretical practice and presentation and observation of court proceedings.
[6] In the 17th century, hostels acquired a similar university status to Oxford and Cambridge, although they were highly specialised. [7] With the frequent absence of litigants during the Crusades, the importance of the role of the lawyer increased enormously and the demand for lawyers increased. [8] The lawyers` apprenticeship programme was created, structured and governed by the same rules as the apprenticeship programmes for the craft sector. [9] Oxford and Cambridge did not consider the common law worthy of study and included law courses only in the context of canon and civil law and solely for the purpose of studying philosophy or history. These universities therefore did not train lawyers. [10] Professional training in England differs from that in continental Europe, where law is considered an academic discipline. Legal educators in England have focused on practical training. [11] The Juris Doctor (J.D.), like the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.), is a professional physician. The American Bar Association issued a Council statement that the JD is equivalent to the PhD for educational purposes. [47] The Doctor of Law (S.J.D.) (“Scientiae Juridicae Doctor” in Latin) and Doctor of Comparative Law (D.C.L.) are research and academic doctorates. In the United States, the Legum Doctor is awarded only as an honorary doctorate.
Prior to the introduction of the law school system in 2004, the legal education system was dominated more by examinations than by formal education.
